A Virtual Gantry system primarily relies on high-accuracy ANPR cameras and supplementary roadside sensors (like radar) mounted on existing poles or small, discreet infrastructure. These capture vehicle data as it passes, and sophisticated software processes this information to identify and charge vehicles, effectively creating a "virtual" detection zone.

Virtual Gantries are highly versatile and can implement policies such as free-flow tolling, congestion charging, low emission zones, vehicle access restrictions (e.g., for specific times or vehicle types), and automated compliance monitoring across defined virtual boundaries.

While vehicle identification is key, reputable systems employ robust data security and privacy protocols. This includes encrypting data, minimizing personally identifiable information, and strict adherence to data retention policies. The focus is typically on vehicle identity for billing/enforcement, not individual driver tracking beyond that purpose.

The primary advantages are significantly lower infrastructure costs, minimal visual impact on the environment, faster and less disruptive deployment, and greater flexibility to quickly establish or reconfigure charging zones as urban mobility policies evolve.